pH

pH is the measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is formally a measure of the activity of dissolved hydrogen ions (H+), but for very dilute solutions, the molarity (molar concentration) of H+ may be used as a substitute with little loss of accuracy.

In pure water at 25°C, the concentration of H+ equals the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-). This is defined as "neutral" and corresponds to a pH level of 7.0. Solutions in which the concentration of H+ exceeds that of OH- have a pH value lower than 7.0 and are known as acids. Solutions in which OH- exceeds H+ have a pH value greater than 7.0 and are known as bases.

The concept of pH was first introduced by Danish chemist S. P. L. Sørensen at the Carlsberg Laboratory in 1909

Base

In chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as a substance that can accept protons. This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases. Alternate definitions of bases include electron pair donors (Lewis), as sources of hydroxide anions (Arrhenius) and can be (commonly) thought of as any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a pH higher than 7.0. Examples of simple bases are sodium hydroxide and ammonia.

Acid

An acid (often represented by the generic formula HA [H+A-]) is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion activity greater than in pure water, i.e. a pH less than 7.0. That approximates the modern definition of Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and Martin Lowry, who independently defined an acid as a compound which donates a hydrogen ion (H+) to another compound (called a base). Common examples include acetic acid (in vinegar) and sulfuric acid (used in car batteries). Acid/base systems are different from redox reactions in that there is no change in oxidation state.

Sulfuric Acid

Sulfuric acid, (also known as sulphuric acid) H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. It was once known as oil of vitriol, coined by the 8th-century Muslim alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber) after his discovery of the chemical. Sulfuric acid has many applications, and is one of the top products of the chemical industry. World production in 2001 was 165 million tonnes, with an approximate value of US$8 billion. Principal uses include ore processing, fertilizer manufacturing, oil refining, wastewater processing, and chemical synthesis.

Textiles

A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial fibers often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw wool fibers, linen, cotton, or other material on a spinning wheel to produce long strands known as yarn. Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting, crocheting, knotting, or pressing fibers together (felt).

Cotton Fibres - More Details

Cotton consists typically of between 88 to 96% cellulose with the rest being protein, pectic substances (congealed gum-like carbohydrates), ash and wax. After scouring and bleaching, cotton is then about 99% cellulose. The fibres are weakened and destroyed by acids but are resistant to alkalis.

The fibre length varies with the type and quality, within the range 10 to 65mm; the fibre diameter ranges from 11 to 22 ¼m. Cotton is a relatively strong fibre with a strength of 25 to 35 cN/tex and a breaking elongation of 7 to 9%.

It is stronger when wet. Cotton also absorbs moisture readily, which makes cotton clothes comfortable to wear in warm weather (water retention of 50%, moisture regain of 7%).

It is used in both 100% form and in blends with other fibres for household textiles and apparel. Synthetic fibres have largely replaced its use in industrial textiles.

Yarn

Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibers, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery and ropemaking. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine.

Modern manufactured sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the stresses involved in sewing. Embroidery threads are yarns specifically designed for hand or machine embroidery.

Cotton

Cotton is a soft, staple fiber that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant (Gossypium sp.), a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including India and Africa.

The fiber most often is spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile, which is the most widely used natural-fiber cloth in clothing today. The English name which began to be used circa 1400. In the 1800s and 1900s cotton was called "King Cotton" because of the great power it had in the economy.

Organic Cotton

Organic cotton is cotton that is grown without pesticides from plants which are not genetically modified.

High levels of agrochemicals are used in the production of non-organic, conventional cotton. Cotton production uses more chemicals per unit area than any other crop and accounts in total for 16% of the world's pesticides. The chemicals used in the processing of cotton also pollute the air and surface waters. Residual chemicals may also irritate consumers' skin.
Organic agriculture uses crop rotation instead of agrochemicals and artificial fertilisers, and biological pest control instead of pesticides. Though organic cotton has less environmental impact than conventional cotton, it costs more to produce.

Critics of organic farming in general point out that genetic modification of crops can have environmental benefits. Crops can be engineered to have a higher yields, allowing smaller plots to be dedicated to farming. It also can reduce crops' reliance on pesticides, making engineered plants potentially more suitable for no-pesticide techniques than conventional varieties.

Organic cotton is currently being grown successfully in the Khargone district of the state of Madhya Pradesh in India

Innova Tex Organic

INNOVATEX is based at Erode, which is wellknown and one of the bigger textile market in India. There are number of spinning,weaving, processing, apparel units surrounded in and around Erode. Nearby around 60 km are Tirupur,(Hosiery),Karur(Made ups), Chennimalai(Bedsheets in Jacquard),Bhavani(Carpets), Salem(Shirtings), Somanur (Grey), Palladam(Grey),Tiruchengodu(Grey),Pallipalaym& Komarapalyam( Yarn dyed).The promotter Mr.G.ELANGO is a technitian with 22 years experience in all kinds of textile manufacturing systems and involved in Textile business.As we know ,the modern concepts and novelty ideas are the important factors for the growth of textile companies, we would like to take part in technological developments. We are certified by CONTROL UNION Certifications for Organic Cotton Manufacturing in GOTS and Organic Exchange Methods...
Please visit our website www.indiamart.com/innovatex.
We expect your reply soon. E mail: gelango@innovatexonline.com gelango65@gmail.com .


G.ELANGO, INNOVATEX, 136- A, SRI AMMANILLAM, SRIRAM NAGAR,SOUTH STREET, MANICKAMPALAYAM,ERODE - 638011 TAMILNADU, INDIA. MOBILE: 91-97897-79233 PHONE: 0424 2410563 ,0424 6451563